![]() ![]() Radium and beryllium were once used as a portable source of neutrons. Radium is used in luminous paint (in the form of radium bromide). ![]() Although is the heaviest member of the alkaline-earth group it is the most volatile. Radium is luminescent, corrodes in water to form radium hydroxide. It readily oxidizes on exposure to air, turning from almost pure white to black. Radium is silvery, lustrous, soft, intensely radioactive. Separation and Concentration Purification RequestĬhemical properties of radium - Health effects of radium - Environmental effects of radium.Plant Inspection & Process Optimalisation.The 1989 revision was prepared prior to the publication of the BEIR V, 1988 more » UNSCEAR, and ICRP 60 reports. Separate models were given for early occurring effects, late somatic effects, and genetic effects however, this paper addresses only late somatic effects, or the risk of cancer expected to occur in the lifetimes of exposed individuals. These reports provided models for estimating health effects that would be expected to result from the radiation exposure received in a nuclear reactor accident. « lessĪ report, Health Effects Models for Nuclear Power Plant Accident Consequence Analysis, was published by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, in 1985, and revised in 1989. The results presented in this addendum should be used with the basic NUREG/CR-4214 reports listed above to obtain the most recent views on the potential health effects of radionuclides released accidentally from nuclear power plants. These changes reflect recent changes in cancer risk factors that have come from longer followup and revised dosimetry in major studies like that on the Japanese A-bomb survivors. The major changes to the NUREG/CR-4214 health effects models recommended in this addendum are for late somatic effects. The three main sections of this addendum discuss early occurring and continuing effects, late somatic effects, and genetic effects. This addendum to the Part 2 (1989) report, provides a review of the 19 reports by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, the more » National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council BEAR 5 Committee report and Publication 60 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection as they relate to this report. Several major health effects reports have been published recently that may impact the health effects models presented in these reports. The most recent health effects models resulting from these efforts were published in two reports, NUREG/CR-4214, Rev. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission has sponsored several studies to identify and quantify the potential health effects of accidental releases of radionuclides from nuclear power plants. ![]() Data are provided that should enable analysts to consider the timing and severity of each type of health risk. ![]() Five classes of genetic diseases - dominant, x-linked, aneuploidy, unbalanced translocations, and multifactorial diseases are also considered. For most cancers, both incidence and mortality are addressed. Linear and linear-quadratic models are recommended for estimating the risks of seven types of cancer in adults - leukemia, bone, lung, breast, gastrointestinal, thyroid, and ``other``. Three potentially lethal early effects - the hematopoietic, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal syndromes are considered. Weibull dose-response functions are recommended for evaluating the risks of early and continuing health effects. As in the earlier version of this report, models more » are provided for early and continuing effects, cancers and thyroid nodules, and genetic effects. The second addendum presented changes needed to incorporate alpha-emitting radionuclides into the accident exposure source term. The first of these addenda provided recommended changes to the health effects models for low-LET radiations based on recent reports from UNSCEAR, ICRP and NAS/NRC (BEIR V). This revision has been made to incorporate changes to the Health Effects Models recommended in two addenda to the NUREG/CR-4214, Rev. 1, Part 1 (1990), Health Effects Models for Nuclear Power Plant Accident Consequence Analysis. This report is a revision of NUREG/CR-4214, Rev. Subsequent efforts by NRC-supported groups resulted in improved health effects models that were published in the report entitled , The Reactor Safety Study provided the basis for most of the earlier estimates related to these health effects. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has sponsored several studies to identify and quantify, through the use of models, the potential health effects of accidental releases of radionuclides from nuclear power plants. ![]()
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